Voter distribution & primary draw
Candidates are plotted directly on the voter-distribution curve: green = advanced to the general, gray = eliminated in the primary, ring = general-election winner, diamond = consensus candidate. The bar at x=0 shows the state's left/right voter split.
Election results
Metrics as a function of t (dynamic abandonment process)
Each panel shows one metric's value at every round t of the Duvergerian-abandonment process for the current illustrative draw, from the initial sincere choices (t=0) through convergence or the iteration cap.
Headline comparison
Plurality top-2 (current CA/OH/WA default) vs. approval top-2 vs. plurality top-3, expected value of each metric over the Monte Carlo run, with change vs. the plurality top-2 baseline.
Metrics as a function of k
Each panel sweeps k ∈ {2,3,4,5} for all three primary rules. VSE points with no basis (denominator ≈ 0) are shown as a gap in the line, not a zero.
Metrics as a function of M
Each panel sweeps the primary candidate slate size M ∈ {5,10,15,20,25,30,40,50,61}, comparing plurality top-2 (baseline) vs. approval top-2 vs. plurality top-3 (mean-threshold approval, not fixed τ), with approval top-3 as an optional fourth line (see the checkbox in the controls panel).